The Significance of 108 Beads in Buddhist Mala (Buddhist Prayer Beads)

In Buddhist culture, the 108 beads of a mala hold profound symbolic meaning, primarily representing the 108 afflictions or kleshas that hinder spiritual progress. The number 108 is seen as a symbol of completeness and perfection in Buddhism. By reciting mantras or prayers while using the mala, practitioners can gradually eliminate these afflictions, achieving inner peace and wisdom. Below is a detailed explanation of its significance:

1. Afflictions and Samadhi

*108 Afflictions (百八烦恼):

The number 108 represents the 108 types of afflictions or kleshas, such as greed, anger, ignorance, arrogance, and doubt. By reciting prayers or mantras while counting the beads, practitioners aim to cut through these afflictions, bringing the mind and body to a state of tranquility and stability.

*108 Samadhis (百八三昧)

The 108 beads also symbolize the 108 states of samadhi (meditative absorption) achieved through deep practice. These states represent profound levels of concentration and insight, leading to wisdom and liberation.

2. Buddhist Teachings

Six Roots, Six Dusts, and Six Consciousnesses (六根、六尘、六识):

The 108 beads can also represent the six roots (eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body, and mind), six dusts (forms, sounds, smells, tastes, touches, and mental objects), and six consciousnesses (visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, tactile, and mental consciousness). Wearing and using the mala helps purify these sensory experiences, eliminate distractions, and deepen one’s understanding of the Dharma.

The Twelve Great Vows of Avalokiteshvara (观音菩萨的十二大愿):

The number 108 corresponds to the Twelve Great Vows of Avalokiteshvara (Guanyin Bodhisattva), expressing reverence and devotion to this compassionate figure.

Stages of Practice (修行阶位):

The 108 beads also symbolize the 22 roots of the Four Paths and Four Fruits in Theravada practice and the Ten Grounds and the Buddha Fruit in Mahayana practice, representing the pursuit of these stages of spiritual development.

3. Other Symbolic Meanings

Three Times and Three Jewels (三世三宝)

The number 108 represents the Three Jewels (Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha) across the past, present, and future, expressing respect for these timeless sources of refuge.

The Universe and Life (宇宙人生)

In Zen Buddhism, the 108 beads symbolize the Buddha’s answers to the many questions about the universe and life. They remind practitioners of the unity and equality of all phenomena.

Conclusion

The 108 beads of a Buddhist mala are not just a tool for counting prayers but a profound spiritual guide. They remind practitioners to eliminate afflictions, cultivate wisdom, and progress on the path to enlightenment. By using the mala with mindfulness and devotion, one can transform their mind and heart, moving closer to the ultimate goal of liberation.